Source: https://broxme.com/industrial-robotics

[All robotics categories](https://broxme.com/#robotics-hardware) 

On the factory floor 

# Industrial Robotics

Industrial robots carry out repeatable tasks such as moving parts or packaging products. In a pick-and-place station, a robot arm moves a detected part from a conveyor to a tray.

![A jointed industrial arm transfers a part from a conveyor to a tray](https://broxme.com/assets/images/industrial-robotics.svg?v=2)

A gripper moves one part from a conveyor to a tray.

## How it works

- ### Locate the part

A camera or other sensor measures where the part is and, when needed, how it is oriented.

- ### Plan the movement

The controller calculates how to move the arm’s joints to reach the part and destination.

- ### Grip and place

The gripper holds the part while the arm moves, then releases it at the selected position.

## Adapting to parts in different positions

A fixture can present the same part at a fixed angle on every cycle. For mixed parts in a bin, a vision system estimates each part’s position and orientation so the robot can choose a grasp and check the placement.

In a November 2026 production-line proof of concept, Google DeepMind reported 96% success for an Apptronik Apollo 2 robot using Gemini Robotics 2.5 to sort automotive parts into kits at Mercedes-Benz. The result covers the parts and workflow in the reported trial. [Google DeepMind’s production-line evaluation](https://deepmind.google/blog/gemini-robotics-2-5-accelerates-real-world-physical-intelligence/)

## How to benchmark a workcell

Researchers at NIST developed reusable task boards and test protocols for comparing how robots handle small-part assembly. Using the same parts and task sequence helps teams compare grippers, sensing methods, or controllers. [NIST assembly benchmarking protocols](https://www.nist.gov/publications/benchmarking-protocols-evaluating-small-parts-robotic-assembly-systems)

- ### Quality and throughput

Record correct placements and defects. Compare median and 95th-percentile cycle times to see how much longer the slower runs take.

- ### Performance under variation

Repeat runs across part sizes, starting angles, and lighting conditions. Include partly obscured parts and bins with fewer parts remaining.

- ### Fault handling

Measure recovery time after a missed grasp or a blocked fixture. Verify protective stops and restart procedures independently of the AI model.